{
  "built": "2026-10-27",
  "sources": {
    "cliopatria": {
      "name": "Cliopatria v0.2.1 · Seshat Global History Databank",
      "url": "https://github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0",
      "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "note": "Approximate political territories; sampled historical stages, annual validity intervals. Coverage varies by region and time."
    },
    "cshapes": {
      "name": "CShapes 2.0 · ETH Zurich",
      "url": "https://icr.ethz.ch/data/cshapes/",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
      "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
      "note": "Independent states and dependencies, using Gleditsch–Ward political-status coding. Monthly map snapshots use the last day of the selected month; these are political boundaries, not moving battle fronts."
    }
  },
  "cliopatriaArchiveSHA256": "e10a4e429fca708788ff9e7572a95fce801fae55852d217cffabc1c59cd4eed4",
  "cliopatriaArchiveMember": "cliopatria_polities_only_v021.geojson",
  "cshapesArchiveSHA256": "196c6d9d881cf944e176e4ce5bfc61074d21792de7152cb0a9e035e56b0297c8",
  "transformations": "Parent aggregate composites omitted; invalid polygons repaired; topology-preserving 0.025-degree simplification; coordinates rounded to four decimals; identical geometries deduplicated within era packs; ring coordinate pairs stored as lossless integer deltas on the 0.0001-degree grid. Point labels use largest-polygon interior anchors. No geometry interpolated between dates. Modern coastlines remain the background.",
  "coverage": "Cliopatria: 3400 BCE–1885 CE and 2020–2024. CShapes: 1886–2019, month-end. Before 3400 BCE, political borders are not supplied. From 2025, present-day reference borders are used; future years are not forecasts.",
  "packs": [
    {
      "id": "ancient",
      "url": "/historical-borders/ancient.json",
      "records": 1040,
      "size": 1533866,
      "fromYear": -3400,
      "toYear": -1
    },
    {
      "id": "early-1",
      "url": "/historical-borders/early-1.json",
      "records": 778,
      "size": 1762627,
      "fromYear": 1,
      "toYear": 499
    },
    {
      "id": "early-2",
      "url": "/historical-borders/early-2.json",
      "records": 1826,
      "size": 2740166,
      "fromYear": 500,
      "toYear": 999
    },
    {
      "id": "medieval-1",
      "url": "/historical-borders/medieval-1.json",
      "records": 1525,
      "size": 1483117,
      "fromYear": 1000,
      "toYear": 1249
    },
    {
      "id": "medieval-2",
      "url": "/historical-borders/medieval-2.json",
      "records": 1746,
      "size": 2226897,
      "fromYear": 1250,
      "toYear": 1499
    },
    {
      "id": "sixteenth",
      "url": "/historical-borders/sixteenth.json",
      "records": 826,
      "size": 1518321,
      "fromYear": 1500,
      "toYear": 1599
    },
    {
      "id": "seventeenth",
      "url": "/historical-borders/seventeenth.json",
      "records": 783,
      "size": 2015962,
      "fromYear": 1600,
      "toYear": 1699
    },
    {
      "id": "eighteenth",
      "url": "/historical-borders/eighteenth.json",
      "records": 1045,
      "size": 3105993,
      "fromYear": 1700,
      "toYear": 1799
    },
    {
      "id": "nineteenth",
      "url": "/historical-borders/nineteenth.json",
      "records": 1473,
      "size": 4459779,
      "fromYear": 1800,
      "toYear": 1885
    },
    {
      "id": "recent",
      "url": "/historical-borders/recent.json",
      "records": 384,
      "size": 411206,
      "fromYear": 2020,
      "toYear": 2024
    },
    {
      "id": "modern-history",
      "url": "/historical-borders/modern-history.json",
      "records": 710,
      "size": 2948425,
      "fromYear": 1886,
      "toYear": 2019
    }
  ]
}